GRAPHICS AND MULTIMEDIA

window to viewport mapping

#include"stdio.h"
#include"conio.h"
#include"graphics.h"
#include"stdlib.h"
void main()
{
    float xwmin,xwmax,ywmax,ywmin;
    float xvmin,xvmax,yvmax,yvmin;
    float x[10],y[10],yv,xv,sx,sy;
    int gd=DETECT,gm,i;
    clrscr();
    printf("\n enter window port coordinates:\n(xwmin,ywmin,xwmax,ywmax): ");
    scanf("%f%f%f%f",&xwmin,&ywmin,&xwmax,&ywmax);
    printf("\n enter view port coordinates:\n(xvmin,yvmin,xvmax,yvmax): ");
    scanf("%f%f%f%f",&xvmin,&yvmin,&xvmax,&yvmax);
    printf("\n enter vertices for triangle: ");
    for(i=0;i < 3;i++)
    {
    printf("\n enter(x%d,y%d):",i,i);
    scanf("%f%f",&x[i],&y[i]);
    }
    sx=((xvmax-xvmin)/(xwmax-xwmin));
    sy=((yvmax-yvmin)/(ywmax-xwmin));

    initgraph(&gd,&gm," ");
    outtextxy(80,30,"window port");
    rectangle(xwmin,ywmin,xwmax,ywmax);
    for(i=0;i <2;i++)
    {
    line(x[i],y[i],x[i+1],y[i+1]);
    }
    line(x[2],y[2],x[0],y[0]);
    getch();
    cleardevice();
    for(i=0;i <3;i++)
    {
    x[i]=xvmin+((x[i]-xwmin)*sx);
    y[i]=yvmin+((y[i]-ywmin)*sy);
    }
    outtextxy(150,10,"view port");
    rectangle(xvmin,yvmin,xvmax,yvmax);
    for(i=0;i <2;i++)
    {
    line(x[i],y[i],x[i+1],y[i+1]);
    }
    line(x[2],y[2],x[0],y[0]);
    getch();
}

OUTPUT:

 

  

color model

#include"stdio.h"
#include"conio.h"
#include"graphics.h"
#include"stdlib.h"
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm,n;
float r=0,g=0,b=0;
float y=0,i=0,q=0;
float c=0,m=0,y1=0;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"");
printf("\t(r,g,b)keys for incrementing R,G,B values respectively\n");
printf("\t(shift+(r,g,b))keys for decrementing R,G,B values respectively\n");
printf("\tpress esc to exit\n");
setcolor(15);
while(1)
{
gotoxy(18,10);
printf("R G B");
c=1.0-r;
m=1.0-g;
y1=1.0-y;
gotoxy(47,10);
printf("C M Y");
y=0.299*r+0.587*g+0.144*b;
i=0.596*r-0.275*g-0.3218*b;
q=0.212*r-0.528*g+0.311*b;
gotoxy(18,23);
printf("Y I Q");
switch(getch())
{
case 'r':
r++;
break;
case 'g':
g++;
break;
case 'b':
b++;
break;
case 'R':
r--;
break;
case 'G':
g--;
break;
case 'B':
b--;
break;
case 27:
closegraph();
exit(0);
}
if(r>255)
r=0;
if(g>255)
g=0;
if(b > 255)
b=0;
setrgbpalette(1,r,g,b);
setfillstyle(1,1);
bar(50,50,270,250);
rectangle(50,50,270,250);
setrgbpalette(2,c,m,y1);
setfillstyle(1,2);
bar(275,50,495,250);
rectangle(275,50,495,250);
setrgbpalette(3,y,i,q);
setfillstyle(1,3);
bar(50,255,270,455);
rectangle(50,255,270,455);
}
}
OUTPUT:

#include"stdio.h"
#include"conio.h"
#include"graphics.h"
#include"math.h"
void main()
{
int op,poly[20],poly1[20],poly2[20],poly3[20],tx,ty,sx,sy,xr,yr,a,i,n,t;
int gd=DETECT,gm;
clrscr();
initgraph(&gd,&gm," ");
printf("\tenter the no of edges:");
scanf("%d",&n);
n=n+1;
t=2*n;
for(i=0;i < t;i+=2)
{
printf("\tenter the x and y co-ordinates");
scanf("%d%d",&poly[i],&poly[i+1]);
poly[i]=poly[i]+40;
poly[i+1]=poly[i+1]+40;
poly1[i]=poly[i]+90;
poly1[i+1]=poly[i+1]+90;
}
poly[t]=poly[0];
poly[t+1]=poly[1];
poly1[t]=poly1[0];
poly1[t+1]=poly1[1];
do
{
sleep(2);
clrscr();
cleardevice();
outtextxy(120,120,"original image");
drawpoly(n,poly);
drawpoly(n,poly1);
for(i=0;i

projection of 3d image

Download this file : 3dproj.c

program:

#include "stdio.h"

#include "stdlib.h"

#include"graphics.h"

#include"conio.h"

void draw3d(int s,int x[20],int y[20],int d);

void main()

{

int gd=DETECT,gm;

int x[20],y[20],i,s,d;

initgraph(&gd,&gm,"");

printf("Enter the No of sides : ");

scanf("%d",&s);

for(i=0;i< s;i++)>

{

printf("(x%d,y%d) :",i,i);

scanf("%d%d",&x[i],&y[i]);

}

printf("Depth :");

scanf("%d",&d);

draw3d(s,x,y,d);

getch();

setcolor(14);

for(i=0;i< s-1;i++)

{

line(x[i]+200,y[i],x[i+1]+200,y[i+1]);

}

line(x[i]+200,y[i],x[0]+200,y[0]);

getch();//top view

for(i=0;i< s-1;i++)

{

line(x[i],300,x[i+1],300);

line(x[i],300+d*2,x[i+1],300+d*2);

line(x[i],300,x[i],300+d*2);

line(x[i+1],300,x[i+1],300+d*2);

}

getch();//side view

for(i=0;i< s-1;i++)

{

line(10,y[i],10,y[i+1]);

line(10+d*2,y[i],10+d*2,y[i+1]);

line(10,y[i],10+d*2,y[i]);

line(10,y[i+1],10+d*2,y[i+1]);

}

getch();

closegraph();

}

void draw3d(int s,int x[20],int y[20],int d)

{

int i,j,k=0;

for(j=0;j< 2;j++)

{

for(i=0;i< s-1;i++)>

line(x[i]+k,y[i]-k,x[i+1]+k,y[i+1]-k);

line(x[i]+k,y[i]-k,x[0]+k,y[0]-k);

k=d;

}

for(i=0;i< s;i++)

line(x[i],y[i],x[i]+d,y[i]-d);

}

Download this file : 3dproj.c

Output:

DOWNLOAD THIS FILE :


PROGRAM:

#include"stdio.h"
#include"conio.h"
#include"string.h"
#include"stdlib.h"
struct quadraple
{
int pos;
char op;
char arg1[5];
char arg2[5];
char result[5];
}quad[15];
int n=0;
void assignment(int);
void uminus(int );
void explore();
void codegen(char op[5],int);
char tuple[15][15];
int main(void)
{
FILE *src;
int nRetInd,i;
char str[15];
clrscr();
src=fopen("int.txt","r");
fscanf(src,"%s",str);
while(!feof(src))
{
strcpy(tuple[n++],str);
fscanf(src,"%s",str);
}
printf("INPUT:\nIntermiate codes:\n");
for(i=0;i< n;i++)
printf("%s\n",tuple[i]);
explore();
getch();
clrscr();
printf("OUTPUT:\n");
printf("Quadruple: \n");
printf("pos\topr\targ1\targ2\tresult\n");
for(i=0;i< n;i++)
printf("\n%d\t%c\t%s\t%s\t%s",quad[i].pos,quad[i].op,quad[i].arg1,quad[i].arg2,quad[i].result);
i=0;
printf("\n\ncode generated :\n");
while(i< n)
{
if(quad[i].op=='+')
codegen("ADD",i);
if(quad[i].op=='=')
assignment(i);
if(quad[i].op=='-')
if(!strcmp(quad[i].arg2,"\0"))
uminus(i);
else
codegen("SUB",i);
if(quad[i].op=='*')
codegen("MUL",i);
if(quad[i].op=='/')
codegen("DIV",i);
i++;
}
getch();
fcloseall();
return 0;
}
void codegen(char op[5],int t)
{
char str[25];
printf("MOV %s,R0\n",quad[t].arg1);
printf("%s %s,R0\n",op,quad[t].arg2);
printf("MOV R0,%s\n",quad[t].result);
}
void assignment(int t)
{
char str[25];
printf("MOV %s,%s\n",quad[t].result,quad[t].arg1);
}
void uminus(int t)
{
char str[25];
printf("MOV R0,0\n");
printf("SUB %s,R0\n",quad[t].arg1);
printf("MOV R0,%s\n",quad[t].result);
}

void explore()
{
int i,j,t,t1,t2;
for(i=0;i < n;i++)
{
quad[i].pos=i;
for(j=0,t=0;j < strlen(tuple[i])&&tuple[i][j]!='=';j++)
{
quad[i].result[t++]=tuple[i][j];
}
t1=j;
quad[i].result[t]='\0';
if(tuple[i][j]=='=')
{
quad[i].op='=';
}
if(tuple[i][j+1]=='+'||tuple[i][j+1]=='-'||tuple[i][j+1]=='*'||tuple[i][j+1]=='/')
{
quad[i].op=tuple[i][j+1];
t1=j+1;
}
for(j=t1+1,t=0;j< strlen(tuple[i])&&tuple[i][j]!='+'&&tuple[i][j]!='-'&&tuple[i][j]!='*'&&tuple[i][j]!='/';j++)
{
quad[i].arg1[t++]=tuple[i][j];
}
t2=j;
quad[i].arg1[t]='\0';
if(tuple[i][j]=='+'||tuple[i][j]=='-'||tuple[i][j]=='*'||tuple[i][j]=='/')
{
quad[i].op=tuple[i][j];
}
for(j=t2+1,t=0;j< strlen(tuple[i]);j++)
{
quad[i].arg2[t++]=tuple[i][j];
}
quad[i].arg2[t]='\0';
}
}

INPUT:

INT.TXT

t0=c+d
t1=t0*c
b=t0/c
c=-t1
t2=t3

DOWNLOAD THIS FILE :


OUTPUT:

cohen sutherland line clipping

Download this file : cohen.c

program:

#include"stdio.h"

#include"conio.h"

#include"graphics.h"

void main()

{

int gd=DETECT, gm;

float i,xmax,ymax,xmin,ymin,x1,y1,x2,y2,m;

float start[4],end[4],code[4];

clrscr();

initgraph(&gd,&gm,"");

printf("\n\tEnter the bottom-left coordinate of viewport: ");

scanf("%f %f",&xmin,&ymin);

printf("\n\tEnter the top-right coordinate of viewport: ");

scanf("%f %f",&xmax,&ymax);

printf("\nEnter the coordinates for starting point of line: ");

scanf("%f %f",&x1,&y1);

printf("\nEnter the coordinates for ending point of line: ");

scanf("%f %f",&x2,&y2);

for(i=0;i <4;i++)

{

start[i]=0;

end[i]=0;

}

m=(y2-y1)/(x2-x1);

if(x1 <xmin) start[0]=1;

if(x1 >xmax) start[1]=1;

if(y1 >ymax) start[2]=1;

if(y1 <ymin) start[3]=1;

if(x2 <xmin) end[0]=1;

if(x2 >xmax) end[1]=1;

if(y2 >ymax) end[2]=1;

if(y2 <ymin) end[3]=1;

for(i=0;i <4;i++)

code[i]=start[i]&&end[i];

if((code[0]==0)&&(code[1]==0)&&(code[2]==0)&&(code[3]==0))

{

if((start[0]==0)&&(start[1]==0)&&(start[2]==0)&&(start[3]==0)&&(end[0]==0)&&(end[1]==0)&&(end[2]==0)&&(end[3]==0))

{

cleardevice();

printf("\n\t\tThe line is totally visible\n\t\tand not a clipping candidate");

rectangle(xmin,ymin,xmax,ymax);

line(x1,y1,x2,y2);

getch();

}

else

{

cleardevice();

printf("\n\t\tLine is partially visible");

rectangle(xmin,ymin,xmax,ymax);

line(x1,y1,x2,y2);

getch();

if((start[2]==0)&&(start[3]==1))

{

x1=x1+(ymin-y1)/m;

y1=ymin;

}

if((end[2]==0)&&(end[3]==1))

{

x2=x2+(ymin-y2)/m;

y2=ymin;

}

if((start[2]==1)&&(start[3]==0))

{

x1=x1+(ymax-y1)/m;

y1=ymax;

}

if((end[2]==1)&&(end[3]==0))

{

x2=x2+(ymax-y2)/m;

y2=ymax;

}

if((start[1]==0)&&(start[0]==1))

{

y1=y1+m*(xmin-x1);

x1=xmin;

}

if((end[1]==0)&&(end[0]==1))

{

y2=y2+m*(xmin-x2);

x2=xmin;

}

if((start[1]==1)&&(start[0]==0))

{

y1=y1+m*(xmax-x1);

x1=xmax;

}

if((end[1]==1)&&(end[0]==0))

{

y2=y2+m*(xmax-x2);

x2=xmax;

}

clrscr();

cleardevice();

printf("\n\t\tAfter clippling:");

rectangle(xmin,ymin,xmax,ymax);

line(x1,y1,x2,y2);

getch();

}

}

else

{

clrscr();

cleardevice();

printf("\nLine is invisible");

rectangle(xmin,ymin,xmax,ymax);

}

getch();

closegraph();

}

Download this file : cohen.c

ouput:

Enter the bottom-left coordinate of viewport: 100 100

Enter the top-right coordinate of viewport: 400 400

Enter the coordinates for starting point of line: 120 60

Enter the coordinates for ending point of line: 350 450

program:
#include"stdio.h"
#include"conio.h"
#include"stdlib.h"
#include"graphics.h"
#include"dos.h"
#include"math.h"
void main()
{
int driver,mode,k;
int xa,xb,ya,yb,dx,dy,x,y,i,p,dy2,dydx2;
clrscr();
printf("\n\tEnter(xa,ya)...");
scanf("%d%d",&xa,&ya);
printf("\n\tEnter(xb,yb)...");
scanf("%d%d",&xb,&yb);
x=xa;
y=ya;
driver=DETECT;
initgraph(&driver,&mode,"");
dx=abs(xb-xa);
dy=abs(yb-ya);
p=(2*dy)-dx;
dy2=2*dy;
dydx2=2*(dy-dx);
line(100,0,100,500);
line(0,100,500,100);
putpixel(x,y,2);
for(i=0;i<=dx;i++)
{
if(p<0)
{
x=x+1;
putpixel(x,y,2);
p+=dy2;
}
else
{
x=x+1;
y=y+1;
putpixel(x,y,2);
p+=dydx2;
}
}
getch();
}
output:


Enter(xa,ya)...100 100
Enter(xb,yb)...250 252

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